NAD+ — cellular energy & DNA repair.

NAD+ is a coenzyme present in every cell. It's essential for mitochondrial ATP production (cellular energy), sirtuin activation (longevity-pathway regulation), and PARP-mediated DNA repair. Levels decline with age — by some estimates 50%+ reduction between age 40 and 60.

Supplementation comes in three main forms: IV infusion (longest-duration loading), subcutaneous injection (most practical at-home format), and nasal spray (daily maintenance at lower intensity).

NAD+ functions in three primary roles:

• Cofactor for electron transport in mitochondrial ATP synthesis (cellular energy)
• Substrate for sirtuin enzymes (SIRT1-7) that regulate longevity-relevant gene expression
• Substrate for PARP enzymes that repair DNA damage

As NAD+ declines with age, mitochondrial function, sirtuin activity, and DNA repair all decline in parallel — which is why NAD+ has become a focal point of longevity medicine.

NAD+ tends to fit:

• Patients in their 40s and beyond noticing energy/recovery decline
• Patients on longevity-leaning protocols who've already optimized hormone and sleep
• Cognitive performance optimization use cases
• Recovery from prolonged illness or stress

Injectable NAD+ protocols typically start with a loading phase: 100–250mg subcutaneous, 3–5 times per week for 2–4 weeks. Maintenance dosing thereafter is usually 100mg 1–2 times per week.

Nasal spray protocols (100mg/mL or 300mg/mL) are typically daily, 1–2 sprays. Lower peak NAD+ but easier daily compliance. Many patients use injection for loading and nasal spray for ongoing maintenance.

Patients typically report increased energy and mental clarity within the first 1–2 weeks of loading. Cognitive performance and recovery improvements are more pronounced at 4–6 weeks. Some patients describe a noticeable but hard-to-quantify “feeling younger.”

Vektor prescribes NAD+ in two formats through our 503A pharmacy partner: injectable (200mg/mL in 2.5mL vial for loading; 100mg/mL in 10mL for maintenance) and nasal spray (100mg/mL or 300mg/mL at 15mL/30mL).

Common protocol design: 4-week injection loading phase followed by nasal-spray maintenance. Cost-efficient and compliance-friendly compared to all-injection.